Bones & Joints
Osteoporosis
A condition where bones become thinner and weaker, increasing the risk of fractures.
Overview
Osteoporosis causes bones to lose density and strength gradually. It often has no symptoms until a fracture occurs, which is why screening matters, especially with age.
Common Symptoms
- Usually no early symptoms
- Loss of height over time
- Stooped posture
- Fractures from minor falls or stress
Possible Causes
- Imbalance between bone formation and bone loss
- Hormonal changes, especially after menopause
- Low calcium or vitamin D
- Certain medications or conditions
Risk Factors
- Older age
- Female sex and post-menopause
- Family history
- Low body weight, smoking or excess alcohol
Diagnosis
A bone density scan (DEXA) measures bone strength and helps assess fracture risk.
Treatment & Management
Management may include weight-bearing exercise, adequate calcium and vitamin D, and medicines that slow bone loss or build bone.
Prevention & Healthy Habits
Staying active, getting enough calcium and vitamin D, not smoking and limiting alcohol support bone health across life.
When to Seek Medical Care
- A fracture after a minor fall
- Persistent back pain
- Before starting bone-health treatments
Questions to Ask Your Doctor
- What is my bone density result?
- How much calcium and vitamin D do I need?
- Which exercises help my bones?
- Do I need medicine?
Related Topics
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