Endocrine System
Diabetes
A group of conditions where blood glucose levels are higher than normal, affecting how the body uses energy.
Overview
Diabetes affects how the body turns food into energy. In type 1 diabetes, the body produces little or no insulin. In type 2 diabetes, the body does not use insulin effectively. Over time, high blood glucose can affect many organs if not managed.
Common Symptoms
- Feeling very thirsty
- Frequent urination
- Unusual tiredness
- Unexplained weight changes
- Blurred vision
- Slow-healing cuts or sores
Possible Causes
- Lack of insulin production (type 1)
- Insulin resistance (type 2)
- Genetic and environmental factors
- Pregnancy-related changes (gestational diabetes)
Risk Factors
- Family history of diabetes
- Excess body weight, especially around the abdomen
- Physical inactivity
- Older age and certain ethnic backgrounds
Diagnosis
Healthcare professionals use blood tests such as fasting glucose, HbA1c or oral glucose tolerance tests to diagnose diabetes and monitor control.
Treatment & Management
Management may include blood glucose monitoring, healthy eating, regular activity, medicines or insulin, and ongoing checks of eyes, feet and kidneys.
Prevention & Healthy Habits
Type 2 risk may be reduced through regular activity, balanced eating, weight management and routine screening for those at higher risk.
When to Seek Medical Care
- Symptoms of very high or very low blood glucose
- Confusion, drowsiness or fainting
- Persistent blurred vision
- Sores that do not heal
Questions to Ask Your Doctor
- What type of diabetes do I have?
- What blood glucose targets are right for me?
- How should I monitor at home?
- What checks do I need each year?
Related Topics
Related Symptoms
HealthCareTastic provides educational information and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.