Lungs & Respiratory System
Asthma
A long-term condition in which airways become inflamed and narrow, causing episodes of breathing difficulty.
Overview
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the airways. It can cause recurring episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and coughing, often worse at night or early morning. With good management, many people keep symptoms well controlled.
Common Symptoms
- Wheezing or a whistling sound when breathing
- Shortness of breath
- Chest tightness
- Coughing, especially at night or with exercise
Possible Causes
- Airway inflammation and increased sensitivity to triggers
- Triggers such as pollen, dust, smoke, cold air or exercise
- Respiratory infections
- Stress or strong emotions
Risk Factors
- Family history of asthma or allergies
- Exposure to tobacco smoke or air pollution
- Having allergies or eczema
- Frequent respiratory infections in childhood
Diagnosis
A healthcare professional may assess symptoms, review triggers and use lung function tests such as spirometry to measure how well air moves in and out of the lungs.
Treatment & Management
Management typically combines avoiding triggers with reliever medicines for quick symptom relief and controller medicines taken regularly to reduce inflammation, guided by a written action plan.
Prevention & Healthy Habits
Identifying and avoiding personal triggers, staying up to date with vaccinations, not smoking and following an asthma action plan can help prevent flare-ups.
When to Seek Medical Care
- Severe breathlessness or trouble speaking in full sentences
- Little or no relief from a reliever inhaler
- Bluish lips or face
- Symptoms that worsen rapidly
Questions to Ask Your Doctor
- What type of inhalers do I need?
- What are my personal triggers?
- What is in my asthma action plan?
- When should I seek emergency care?
Related Topics
Related Symptoms
HealthCareTastic provides educational information and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.